UC-NRLF 


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B   M   ITM   aso 


LIST  OF  PROOF-MARKS 
:ORRECTED  PROOF-SHEETS 

AND 

SUGGESTIONS  IN  REGARD 
TO  PROOFREADING 

B  Y 

A.  M.  SMITH 


PHILADELPHIA 


LIST  OF  PROOF-MARKS 

AND 

CORRECTED    PROOF-SHEETS 

BY 

A.  M.  SMITH 

Formerly  Secretary  to  the  President,  and  Instructor 
in   Proofreading,    Drexel    Institute,    Philadelphia 


CHAPTER  I 

PROOF-MARKS 


The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  proof- 
marks  in  common  use.  An  example  of  the  nse  of 
each  is  given  in  the  two  pages  of  Corrected  P roof- 
Sheets,  and  directions  concerning  the  proper  mark- 
ing of  proof  will  be  found  under  Suggestions  in 
Regard  to  Proofreading. 

1.  Kinds  of  Letters 

^^      Three  horizontal  lines  under  a  word  or  a  letter — 
print  in  capitals  (caps). 

=     Two  horizontal  lines  under  a  word  or  a  letter — 
print  in  small  capitals  (s.  caps,  sm.  c). 


One  horizontal  line  under  a  word  or  a   letter — 
change  roman  to  italic,  or  italic  to  roman. 

I.  c. — Loiver  case — change  capitals   or   small   capitals   to 
small  letters. 

v>.  f. — Wrong  font — change  letter   or  letters  to  proper  size 
or  font. 

a:) 


G42363 


PROOF-MARKS 


2.  Change  of  Matter 

<A»l^         Dele— Take  out. 
Stet — Let  stand. 

Used  when  matter  in  the  proof  has  been  ex- 
punged and  the  reader  afterwards  decides  to  let  it 
remain.  A  line  of  dots  is  placed  under  the  word 
or  words  stricken  out. 

3.  Change  OR  Insert  Letter  or  Punctuation 
/  :  ',:'.  \  i  Mark 

•  i^f  *  •      Ligature — print  as  a  diphthong,  ligature,  or  as  a 
single  character;    thus,  ^^f^^  means  print  %,  fi. 

W  Insert  superior  character,  such  as  the  aj^ostrophe, 

wy       quotation  marks,  etc. 

4.  Position 

I— i         Lower  word,  letter,  or  character. 
^^  Elevate  word,  letter,  or  character. 

The  direction  of  the  angles  indicates  the  position 
in  which  the  word,  letter,  or  character  is  to  be 
placed. 

mml         Bring  word  or  words  farther  to  tl^e  right. 

I  Bring  word  or  words  farther  to  the  left. 

r  Bring  word  or  words  to  the  beginning  of  the 

*•         line ;  also,  make  a  new  paragraph. 

D  Indent. 

y  Reverse  letter. 

I  Straighten  lateral  margin. 


FB00F-3IAEKB 


5.  Spacing 

O    Lesa  space  between  letters. 
^^   More  space  between  words. 
t/^    Leas  space  between  words. 
y^ia^cC/'      More  space  between  lines. 
c9  ^Clo^  Less  space  between  lines. 

6.  Transposition 

3  2        1 

Words — beautiful  and  bright. 

The  words  to  be  transposed  may  be  encloeed  and 
a  line  drawn  from  them  to  the  place  where  they 
are  to  be  inserted ;  if  the  order  of  the  words  is  to 
be  changed,  they  may  be  numbereii  as  above 
indicated,  and  tr.  written  in  the  margin. 

Letters— frf^,  mar^.         /" 

The  transposition  of  letters  maybe  indicated  in 
either  of  the  two  ways  given  above;  Ir.  must  be 
written  in  the  margin. 

Lines. 

When  several  lines  are  to  be  transferred,  they 
should  all  be  encloseil  and  a  line  drawn  from  them 
to  the  point  where  thej'  are  to  be  inserted,  tr. 
should  be  written  in  the  margin. 

7.  Imperfect  Type  or  Crooked  Lines 

X  OT  "f      Broken  type. 

sL  OtA^     Depress  space  or  lead. 

— —  Straighten  type  in  words. 

^—  /jp/// rtj-  \ \\         Straighten  crooked  lines. 


PBOOF-MARKS 


8.  Paragraphs 

Lm  New  paragraph.      The   first  mark   ia  placed 

■  in  the  text,  the  second  in  the  margin. 

f^  no  D  Continue  in  same  paragraph.  The  line  unites 
the  two  portions  of  the  text ;  no  ^f  is  placed  in  the 
margin. 

9.  New  Matter. 

Out,  s.  c. — Words  are  omitted,  see  copy. 
See  copy — New  matter  to  he  inserted. 

10.  Qu.,  Qy.,  ? — Query 

Used  in  printing-offices  to  call  attention  to  a  sup- 
posed error  in  the  statement  of  a  fact,  obsolete 
spelling,  etc. 


CORRECTED    PROOF-SHEETS 


H 
-fcu 


X  /y 


Corrected  ^roof-Sheet,  No.  1 

I \fter  passing  Povdia  the  boat  will  feel  t)(e  tide 

with  her;   and  ten  minutes  more  brings  one  to  the 

landingplace  of  Malamocco.  2;  Quiet  and  sleepy  and 

clean,  thepeople  with  a  type  distirjtly   their  own; 

very  genti/  and  freindly  to  strangers,  hut  at  heart/ 

seeming  to  say,   "  We  are  not  Venetians,  but  M^la- 

jn/ich\nV\     The/fe  is  a  piazza  and  two  long  broad 

streets.    In  the  piazza  a  fl^gstaflF,  with  Saint  Marl^ 

/lion  in  gilt  on  the  top,  as  a  weatheQ-ock,  looking 

y^traigKl>^o^  to  Venice,  with  his  paw  firmly  placed 

on  his    evangel/    At  the  foot  of  the  flagstaff  is  a 

iiaint  old  w^jl,  with  the  Pisari^  supe^cription  and 

o^tj,  per  fesse.  azure  and  argent,  a  lion  rampant 

counte^hanged.  engraved  upon  it.    Almo/t  alljioyfse- 

doors  have  dolphins  for  kfiockers^You  canwalk<^owii 

the  main  stre/t,  whjre  the  maize  is  drying^a  ygllow 

carpet  spread  on  one  side ;  where  the  women  sit  sp^ 

ni  ig  and  not  chattering^  where  the  dogs|5ask  against 

the  wall  andsnap  at  Vne  flies,   out  by  the  ar^  ov^r 

the  Pon^e  del  jifor/o,  past  the  gardens  made  of  Vene^ 

tian  mud^till  vou  r^^iph  the  shore,  and  look  down^ 

the  long  w/toravenue  of  the  Adriatic. 


i 
• 


My/ 


(ft) 


After  CoRREcmoN  by  Compositor 

After  passing  Poveglia  the  boat  will  feel  the  tide 
with  her ;  and  ten  minutes  more  brings  one  to  the 
landing-place  of  Malamocco.  Quiet  and  sleepy  and 
clean  ;  the  people  with  a  type  distinctly  their  own, 
very  gentle  and  friendly  to  strangers,  but  at  heart 
seeming  to  say,  "  We  are  not  Venetians,  but  Mala- 
mocchini".  There  is  a  piazza  and  two  long  broad 
streets.  In  the  piazza  a  flagstaff,  with  Saint  Mark's 
lion  in  gilt  on  the  top,  as  a  weathercock,  looking 
now  straight  to  Venice,  with  his  paw  firmly  placed 
on  his  evangel.  At  the  foot  of  the  flagstaff  is  a 
quaint  old  well,  with  the  Pisani  superscription  and 
coat,  per  Jesse,  azure  and  argent,  a  lion  rampant  coun« 
terchanged,  engraved  upon  it.  Almost  all  the  house- 
doors  have  dolphins  for  knockers.  You  can  walk 
down  the  main  street,  where  the  maize  is  drying,  a 
yellow  carpet  spread  on  one  side  ;  where  the  women 
sit  spinning  and  not  chattering,  like  the  Venetians, 
but  quiet ;  where  the  dogs  bask  against  the  wall  and 
snap  at  the  flies ;  out  by  the  arch  over  the  Ponte 
del  Borgo,  past  the  gardens  made  of  Venetian  mud, 
till  you  reach  the  shore,  and  look  down  the  long 
water-avenue  of  the  Adriatic. 

Brown  :    Life  on  the  Lagooru, 


a 


j Corrected  Proof-Sheet.  No.  2 

A^othing  could  be  more  delightf/l  than  the  spri/g     x>     «»^' 


days  which  wepassed  in  Barcelona. 


We  could  ap 


ill 

O  Si  ^ 


^reciate  the  language  of  K'ashington  Irving  written 
in  1844^  AH  here  is  picture  and  romanc^Nothing 
nas  given  me  greater  delight  than  occassional 
evenmg  drives  with  some  of  my  diplomatic  colleges 
to  thjbse  count^seats  or  torres,  as  they  are  calld©/ 
situated  on  [th^J  slopes  of  the  hills,  )j^^pthree  miles 
from  the  i^it>,  surrounded  by  graves  of  oranges, 
citrons,  tt^s^and  pomegranates,  with  ^y  gamen/ 

y  I 

terraced  with  flowers  and  fountains. 


arcelona^become  a  ctii,^  of  tra^  and  mangffac-  ^i 
ture/  since  Irvings  day  and  can  hardly  meritJiov\;^he_  ^ 
description  of  Cervantes,  "flor  de  las  bellas  ciu- 
dades  del  mundo,^the  jfewer  of  the  beautiful  cities 
of  the  world,  bid  it  is  still  grand,  beautiful  and 
captiWing^  [in  BcWelona  besidek  the^Engli^h 
Church^ho3^haplain\t tends  Britisi\hips  in  the 
harbour,  tl^jr  are  missioh^  of  the  Swiss  /feurch 
with  chapel  and  schools,  a  VVeslji^yan  mission,  and 
several  yklls  waH^-in  the  suburbs  of  Gracia,  where 
where  the   Plymouth  brethren   hold   and   support      c-<»-^ 

I .  meetings, 

Stodd.\rd:  Spanish  Cilics. 


#>"/ 


(8) 


After  Correction  by  Compositor 

Nothing  could  be  more  delightful  than  the  spring 
days  which  we  passed  in  Barcelona.  We  could  ap- 
N  preciate  the  language  of  Washington  Irving  written 
in  1844:  "All  here  is  picture  and  romance.  Nothing 
has  given  me  greater  delight  than  occasional  even- 
ing drives  with  some  of  my  diplomatic  colleagues 
to  those  country-seats  or  torres,  as  they  are  called, 
situated  on  the  slopes  of  the  hills,  two  or  three  miles 
from  the  city,  surrounded  by  groves  of  oranges, 
citrons,  figs,  and  pomegranates,  with  terraced  gar- 
dens gay  with  flowers  and  fountains.  .  .  ."  Bai- 
celona  has  become  a  city  of  traffic  and  manufac- 
ture since  Irving's  day  and  can  hardly  merit  now 
the  description  of  Cervantes, "  flor  de  las  bellas  ciu- 
dades  del  mundo",  the  flower  of  the  beautiful  cities 
of  the  world,  but  it  is  still  grand,  beautiful,  and 
captivating. 

In  Barcelona  besides  the  English  Church,  whose 
chaplain  attends  British  ships  in  the  harbour,  there 
are  missions  of  the  Swiss  Church  with  chapel  and 
schools,  a  Wesleyan  mission,  and  several  halls  in 
the  suburbs  of  Gracia,  where  the  Plymouth  Brethren 
hold  and  support  meetings. 

Stoddard  :  Spanish  Cities, 


SUGGESTIONS    IN    REGARD   TO    PROOF- 
READING 

1.  It  is  best  to  make  corrections  in  ink.  If  red 
ink  is  used,  or  any  ink  which  is  of  a  contrasting 
color  with  the  printed  proof,  the  time  of  the  com- 
positor will  be  saved,  as  he  can  thereby  see  at  a 
glance  the  changes  desired.  Lead-pencil  marks 
are  liable  to  become  blurred  and  indistinct. 

2.  Corrections  should  be  made  on  the  blank  mar- 
gin, opposite  the  lines  in  which  the  errors  are 
respectively  found,  and  in  exactly  the  same  order 
in  which  the  errors  occur.  Corrections  are  gener- 
ally separated  from  each  other  by  oblique  lines. 
Long  lines  connecting  the  error  with  the  correc- 
tion in  the  margin  should  be  used  only  when 
absolutely  necessary,  for  instance,  when  new  matter 
is  to  be  inserted. 

3.  When  several  errors  occur  in  one  line,  the 
changes  should  be  made  in  the  margin  nearest  the 
respective  errors  which  they  are  intended  to  cor- 
rect ;  but  these  alterations  must  always  be  made  in 
exactly  the  same  order  in  which  the  mistakes  occur. 

4.  When  there  are  several  errors  in  one  word, 
it  is  better  to  rewrite  the  whole  word  correctly, 
than  to  indicate  each  change  separately. 

5.  If  much  new  matter  is  to  be  added,  it  should 
be  written  on  another  piece  of  paper  and  attached 
to  the  proof-sheet.  If  only  a  few  lines  are  to  be 
inserted,  they  may  be  written  on  the  margin  of  the 
proof-sheet. 

(10) 


11 

Errors  Which  May  Escape  Notice 

1.  The  omission  of  a  letter  or  syllable,  or  the 
substitution  of  one  letter  for  another,  which  does 
not  greatly  change  the  outline  of  the  word;  as, 
constution  for  constitution,  edifid  for  ^edified,  coun- 
try for  country. 

2.  The  insertion  of  a  word  which  is  not  in  the 
copy  and  which  does  not  materially  alter  the  sense. 
This  is  especially  true  of  articles  and  conjunc- 
tions. 

3.  The  repetition  of  a  syllable  or  word  which 
ends  one  line,  at  the  beginning  of  the  next. 

4.  The  substitution  of  one  word  for  another, 
which  differs  from  it  but  slightly  in  spelling  and 
which  sometimes  makes  sense ;  as,  wall  for  hall. 

5.  When  a  query  has  been  made  on  the  proof- 
sheet  by  the  professional  proofreader  (the  proof- 
reader of  the  printing-house),  if  the  author  desires 
the  suggested  change,  he  should  make  the  correc- 
tion and  draw  a  lino  through  the  query.  If  he 
wishes  the  matter  to  stand  as  set  up,  a  line  through 
the  query  is  sufficient.  Marks  should  never  be 
rubbed  out  with  an  eraser. 

Since  typesetting  machines  have  come  into  gen- 
eral use,  one  of  the  principal  things  the  proof- 
reader should  guard  against  is  imperfect  align< 
ment,  especially  when  movable  types  are  set  by  the 
Monotype  machine,  for  the  alignment  then  is  not  so 
accurate  as  in  the  case  of  types  set  by  hand. 

*  When  a  correction  is  indicated  at  one  end  of  a 
line  of  type  set  by  machine,  the  operator  in  making 


12 

the  correction  desired  and  resetting  the  line  ia 
liable  to  make  a  mistake  in  the  other  end  of  the 
line.  In  rereading  the  matter  after  the  correc- 
tion has  been  made,  the  proofreader  should  scan 
the  line  carefully  to  see  that  no  other  error  has 
occurred. 

Proof  should  be  corrected  as  soon  as  received 
and  returned  at  once  to  the  printer. 

As  corrections  must  be  paid  for  according  to 
the  time  required  to  make  them,  it  is  the  part  of 
•wisdom  to  make  as  few  changes  as  possible.  The 
introduction  or  elimination  of  a  word  or  two  often 
necessitates  the  overrunning  or  readjustment  of  sev- 
eral lines,  and  sometimes  of  all  the  lines  to  the  end 
of  the  paragraph.  The  more  carefully  the  manu- 
script is  prepared,  the  less,  of  course,  will  be  the 
charge  for  corrections. 

The  reading  of  proof,  and  especially  when  read 
by  an  author,  implies  much  more  than  the  correc- 
tion of  typographical  errors.  Careful  attention 
Bhould  be  given  to  the  spelling,  the  punctuation,  the 
grammatical  construction,  the  style,  and  the  senti- 
ment; quotations,  references,  scientific  terms,  and 
foreign  phrases  should  be  verified.  Apart  from 
the  necessary  qualifications  to  do  this  work  well, 
the  chief  requisite  of  a  good  proofreader  is  a  keen 
and  quick  eye  for  the  detection  of  errors,  without 
which  even  extensive  knowledge  will  be  of  little 
service. 

Copyright,  1910,  by  Press   of 

Adele  Millicent  Smith  Thb  John   C.   Winston  Co., 

All  rights  reserved  Philadelphia,   Pa. 


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MWP"^ 

Mar  18  1935 

JAN   281936 

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AUU     11    iqgg 

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^^^     4     1946 

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LD  21-100m-7,'33 

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FORM  NO.  DD  18,  45m,  6'76          UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 

BERKELEY,  CA   94720 

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